Hexadecimal Definition Hexadecimal is a counting system based on sixteen digits (0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). To expand an hexadecimal number to decimal, multiply each digit in the number with the corresponding power of sixteen. The following shell script demonstrates this: #!/bin/bash # Take an hexadecimal number and output it's decimal version hexadecimal=$1 length=`echo $hexadecimal | wc -c | tr -d " "` power=1 while [ $length -gt 2 ] do power=$(( $power * 16 )) length=$(( $length - 1 )) done decimal=0 while [ "%$hexadecimal%" != "%%" ] do digit=`echo $hexadecimal | cut -b 1` echo -n "Hexadecimal = $hexadecimal, Digit = $digit, Power = $power, Value = " value=$(( $digit * $power )) echo $value decimal=$(( $decimal + value )) power=$(( $power / 16 )) hexadecimal=`echo $hexadecimal | sed 's/^.//'` done echo "" echo "Result = $decimal" The following shell script example shows how to convert a decimal number to hexadecimal from first principles: #!/bin/bash # Take a decimal number and output it's hexadecimal quotient=$1 while [ $quotient -ne 0 ] do remainder=$(( $quotient % 16 )) hexadecimal="$remainder$hexadecimal" quotient=$(( $quotient / 16 )) done echo $hexadecimal References Computer Engineering Hardware Design by M Morris Mano published by Prentice Hall 1988 See also Binary Octal Decimal Entry history Entry created: Thu Mar 20 15:20:12 EST 2003 Entry owner: Michael Still (mikal@stillhq.com) Status: Finalized